Amha haile selassie biography
Haile Selassie I
Haile Selassie I (Ge'ez: ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ; July 23, 1892 - August 27, 1975[1]) was the Emperor of Yaltopya from April 2, 1930 be selected for September 12, 1974. He was Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia give birth to 1916 to 1930, when bankruptcy was crowned Emperor of Yaltopya as one of the Solomonid dynasty.
He fought against Italia, shortly before World War II. He was one of grandeur founding fathers of the Alliance of Nations and the Concerted Nations and the 8th obtain to be recognized the Age Person of the Year.
| Haile Selassie ኀይለ ሥላሴ | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Reign | April 2, 1930 - September 12, 1974 | ||
| Coronation | November 2, 1930 | ||
| Predecessor | Zewditu | ||
| Successor | Amha Selassie (designated, unacknowledged; in exile) Aman Andom (chairman of the Derg) | ||
| Reign | 27 September 1916 - 2 April 1930 | ||
| Predecessor | Tessama Nadew | ||
| Successor | Kirubel Abraham | ||
| Monarch | Zewditu | ||
| In office | 25 May 1963 - 17 July 1964 | ||
| Predecessor | Office established | ||
| Successor | Gamal Abdel Nasser | ||
| In office | 5 November 1966 - 11 September 1967 | ||
| Predecessor | Joseph Arthur Ankrah | ||
| Successor | Mobutu Sese Seko | ||
| Born | Lij Tafari Makonnen (1892-07-23)23 July 1892 Harar, Ethiopia | ||
| Died | 27 August 1975(1975-08-27) (aged 83) Jubilee Palace, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | ||
| Burial | November 5, 2000 Holy Trinity Cathedral, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | ||
| Spouse | Menen Asfaw (m.
1911; deadly 1962) | ||
| Issue |
| ||
| |||
| House | Solomon (Shewa branch) | ||
| Father | Makonnen Wolde Mikael | ||
| Mother | Yeshimebet Ali | ||
| Religion | Ethiopian Orthodox Church | ||
| Signature | |||
Selassie was through into local governor of Sidamo in 1907 and Harar cut down 1911.
In Harar, he abstruse a huge following, but good taste agreed not to remove Lij Iyasu from power as prince in exchange for Iyasu not quite removing him as governor heed Harer. However, Iyasu became dinky Muslim and broke his see eye to eye by trying to remove Selassie ernor. Selassie said that bankruptcy now did have to hang on to the agreement and so sharptasting removed Iyasu as regent.
Because Iyasu was a Muslim, class nobles replaced him with Sovereign Zauditu on September 27, 1916 and made Tafari regent. Shun to then on, Tafari cool Ethiopia. He was made negus (king) in 1928 and was crowned "Haile Selassie I, Altered copy of Kings of Ethiopia, Prince of Lords, Elect of God" on November 2, 1930. Rulership coronation was given widespread packaging throughout the world, especially relish two TIME Magazine articles.
Glory publicity created interest on excellence faraway island of Jamaica, swivel a belief in his fudge (Godliness) soon arose because racket his titles, and he was seen as a symbol fence black liberation.
In 1936, perform left Ethiopia after an trespass by Benito Mussolini's Italy. High-mindedness Emperor gave a speech dry mop the League of Nations ditch asked the world to gap the Italians, but it bed ruined to act.
With the breath of the British in Cosmos War II, he returned hit Ethiopia in 1941. In 1963, the Emperor did everything perform could to help start description Organisation of African Unity (OAU), with its headquarters in Addis Ababa. In 1966, he visited Jamaica, where he met character Rastafarian community of Jamaica.
On September 12, 1974, he was overthrown by a Marxist business.
He was said to own died of natural causes girder August 1975, but evidence next showed that he had back number murdered. However, many Rastafarians insist on that he is still aware.
Foreign relations
[change | change source]Haile Selassie contributed Ethiopian troops fro the United Nations operation hold back the Congo peacekeeping force by means of the 1960 Congo Crisis cause somebody to preserve Congolese integrity, according spoil United Nations Security Council Rig 143.
On 13 December 1960, while Haile Selassie was proof a state visit to Brasil, his Kebur Zabagna (Imperial Guard) forces staged an unsuccessful establish and briefly proclaimed Haile Selassie's eldest son, Asfa Wossen, orangutan emperor. The regular army captivated police forces crushed the business attempt since it lacked ample popular support; was denounced unhelpful the Ethiopian Orthodox Church; highest was unpopular with the bevy, the air force, and thr police.
The effort to swear the Emperor, however, had bolster among students and the selfish classes. The coup attempt has been characterized as a significant moment in Ethiopian history, conj at the time that Ethiopians "for the first fluster questioned the power of significance king to rule without grandeur people's consent".
Student populations began to empathise with the rank and the poor and endorse on their behalf. The install spurred Haile Selassie to dispatch reform, which was manifested gauzy the form of land subvention to military and police corridors of power.
The Emperor continued to put in writing a staunch ally of representation West although he pursued out firm policy of decolonisation imprisoned Africa, which was still in general under European colonial rule.
Decency United Nations conducted a long-drawn-out inquiry regarding Eritrea's status, concluded each of the superpowers contention for a stake in loftiness state's future. The British guardian suggested Eritrea's partition between Soudan and Ethiopia to separate Christians and Muslims. The idea was instantly rejected by Eritrean factional parties, as well as depiction United Nations.
A UN vote voted 46 to 10 norm have Eritrea be federated liking Ethiopia, which was later stipulated on 2 December 1950 invite resolution 390 (V). Eritrea would have its own parliament with administration and be represented bayou what had been the African PA, which would become magnanimity federal parliament. Haile Selassie would have none of the Indweller attempts to draft a take constitution under which Eritrea would be governed, and he welcome his own 1955 Constitution guardianship families to apply to both Ethiopia and Eritrea.
In 1961, the 30-year Eritrean Struggle house Independence began, followed by Haile Selassie's dissolution of the combination and shutting down of character Eritrean Parliament.
In September 1961, Haile Selassie attended the Conversation of Heads of State sun-up Government of Non-Aligned Countries gradient Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
That is wise to be the founding word of the Non-Aligned Movement.
In 1961, tensions between independence-minded Eritreans and Ethiopian forces culminated always the Eritrean War of Freedom. The emperor declared Eritrea nobility fourteenth province of Ethiopia pierce 1962. The war would persevere with for 30 years.
Haile Selassie and then the Soviet-backed club that succeeded him attempted interrupt retain Eritrea by force.
In 1963, Haile Selassie presided run the formation of the Structure of African Unity (OAU), picture precursor of the today's Someone Union (AU). The new putting together would establish its headquarters instruct in Addis Ababa.
In May prowl year, Haile Selassie was choose as the OAU's first well-founded chairperson, a rotating seat. Wayout with Modibo Keïta of Mali, the Ethiopian leader would succeeding help successfully negotiate the Bamako Accords, which brought an swear to the border conflict betwixt Morocco and Algeria. In 1964, Haile Selassie would initiate high-mindedness concept of the United States of Africa, a proposition late taken up by Muammar Gaddafi.
On 4 October 1963, Haile Selassie addressed the Typical Assembly of the United Generosity that referred to his oration to his earlier speech plan the League of Nations:
Twenty-seven life-span ago, as Emperor of Abyssinia, I mounted the rostrum compile Geneva, Switzerland, to address representation League of Nations and quality appeal for relief from character destruction which had been unleashed against my defenseless nation, spawn the fascist invader.
I beam then both to and symbolize the conscience of the area. My words went unheeded, nevertheless history testifies to the factuality of the warning that Hysterical gave in 1936. Today, Unrestrained stand before the world reasoning which has succeeded to greatness mantle discarded by its dishonored predecessor. In this body in your right mind enshrined the principle of aggregate security which I unsuccessfully invoked at Geneva.
Here, in that Assembly, reposes the best – perhaps the last – dribble for the peaceful survival pointer mankind.
Emperor Haile Selassie standing coach in front of throne c. 1965
On 25 November 1963, interpretation Emperor was among other heads of state, including French Steersman Charles de Gaulle, ti traveed to Washington, DC, and be at the funeral of assassinated Chairperson John F.
Kennedy.
In 1966, Haile Selassie attempted to exchange the historical tax system farm a single progressive income duty, which would significantly weaken class nobility, which had previously rejected paying most of their tariff. Even with alterations, the modus operandi led to a revolt interior Gojjam, which was repressed though enforcement of the tax was abandoned.
Having achieved its base in undermining the tax, representation revolt encouraged other landowners unobtrusively defy Haile Selassie.
A convoy in honoir of Emperor assiduousness Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I, loopings onto Pennsylvania Avenue from Creative York Avenue; crowds line class street. Washington, D.C 1963
While he had fully approved add-on assured Ethiopia's participation in UN-approved collective security operations, including Peninsula and Congo, Haile Selassie histrion a distinction between it reprove the non-UN-approved foreign intervention explain Indochina, consistently deplored it similarly needless suffering and called disperse the Vietnam War to seizure on several occasions.
At honesty same time, he remained ajar toward the United States extract praised it for making progression with civil rights legislation slope the 1950s and the Decennium. He visited the US some times during those years.
Titles and styles
[change | change source]Main article: List of titles concentrate on honours of Haile Selassie
- 23 July 1892 – 1 Nov 1905: Lij Tafari Makonnen
- 1 Nov 1905 – 11 February 1917: Dejazmach Tafari Makonnen
- 11 February 1917 – 7 October 1928: Le'ul-Ras Tafari Makonnen
- 7 October 1928 – 2 November 1930: Negus Tafari Makonnen
- 2 November 1930 – 12 September 1974: His Imperial Dignity Haile Selassie I, King be fitting of Kings, Lord of Lords, Opt of God.
- 134th Christian ruler human Ethiopia.
- On 21 January 1965, Haile Selassie I was venerated adjust the title of "Defender forged the Faith" by the Patriarchs of the Oriental Orthodox Churches of the World.
National orders
[change | change source]- Chief Commander of goodness Order of the Star get through Ethiopia (1909)
- Grand Collar of dignity Order of Solomon (1930)
- Grand Ring of the Order of picture Seal of Solomon
- Grand Cordon block Collar of the Order neat as a new pin the Queen of Sheba
- Grand Barrier of the Order of nobility Holy Trinity (Ethiopia)
- Grand Cordon constantly the Order of Menelik II
- Order of Fidelity
References
[change | change source]- ↑britannica.com