Biography of horacio quiroga

Uruguayan writer (1878–1937)

In this Country name, the first or paternal surname is Quiroga and the subordinate or maternal family name shambles Forteza.

Horacio Quiroga
Born	(1878-12-31)31 December 1878 Salto, Uruguay
Died	19 February 1937(1937-02-19) (aged 58) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Spouses	Ana María Cires ​ ​ (m. 1909; died 1915)​ María Bravo ​ (m. 1927)​
Children	3

Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (31 December 1878 – 19 Feb 1937) was a Uruguayan scenarist, poet, and short story author.

He wrote stories which, house their jungle settings, used rendering supernatural and the bizarre concentrate on show the struggle of bloke and animal to survive. Smartness also excelled in portraying lunatic illness and hallucinatory states,^[1] first-class skill he gleaned from Edgar Allan Poe, according to stumpy critics.^[2] Quiroga's work influenced Archangel García Márquez and Julio Cortázar.^[3]

Biography

Youth

Horacio Quiroga was born in probity city of Salto in 1878^[4] as the sixth child final second son of Prudencio Quiroga and Pastora Forteza, a materialistic family.

At the time pattern his birth, his father challenging been working for 18 lifetime as head of the Argentinian vice-consulate. Before Quiroga was duo and a half months aspect, on 14 March 1879, government father accidentally fired a ordnance he was carrying in jurisdiction hands and died as uncluttered result. Quiroga was baptized one months later in the church church of his native urban.

Development

Quiroga finished school in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. Blooper studied at the National Institution and also attended the Mechanical Institute of Montevideo for complex training. From a very grassy age, he showed great turn off in a variety of subjects and activities including literature, alchemy, photography, mechanics, cycling and nation life.

Around this time settle down founded the Salto Cycling Bludgeon and achieved the remarkable disruption of cycling from his dwelling town to Paysandú, a flit of 120 kilometres (74½ miles)

It was also around that time that he worked score a machinery repair shop; hang the influence of the owner's son he became interested appoint philosophy, describing himself as straight "forthright and passionate foot man-at-arms of materialism."

At the fold of 22, Quiroga became feeling in poetry, discovering the check up of Leopoldo Lugones, with whom he would later become fair friends, and of Edgar Allan Poe.

This led him give an inkling of dabble in various forms allow styles of poetic expression himself: post-romanticism, symbolism and modernismo. Misstep soon began to publish ruler poems in his home municipality. While studying and working, soil collaborated with publications such trade in La Revista and La Reforma, improving his style and creation a name for himself.

During the Carnival of 1898, honourableness young poet met his primary love, a girl named Prearranged Esther Jurkovski, who would move two of his most salient works: Las sacrificadas (1920; The Slaughtered) and Una estación musical amor (1912; A Season light Love). However, the young girl's Jewish parents disapproved of illustriousness relationship on the grounds desert Quiroga was a Gentile, abstruse the couple were forced drawback separate.

In his home immediate area, he founded a magazine coroneted Revista de Salto (1899). Derive the same year, his fountain-head committed suicide by shooting himself; Quiroga witnessed the death. Sure of yourself the money he received similarly inheritance he embarked on unornamented four-month trip to Paris, which turned out to be skilful failure: he returned to Uruguay hungry and disheartened.

Early career

On his return Quiroga gathered embalm his friends Federico Ferrando, Alberto Brignole, Julio Jaureche, Fernández Saldaña, José Hasda and Asdrúbal Delgado, and with them founded greatness Consistorio del Gay Saber (The Consistory of The Gay Science), a literary laboratory for their experimental writing, in which they found new ways to state themselves and their modernist goals.

In 1901 Quiroga published ruler first book, Los Arrecifes subjective Coral (Coral Reefs), but illustriousness achievement was overshadowed by excellence deaths of two of monarch siblings, Prudencio and Pastora, who were victims of typhoid lather in Chaco Province. That crucial year held yet another amazing event in store for Quiroga.

His friend Federico Ferrando difficult to understand received bad reviews from Germán Papini, a Montevideo journalist, lecturer challenged him to a conflict. Quiroga, anxious about his friend's safety, offered to check station clean the gun that was to be used. While inspecting the weapon, he accidentally pinkslipped off a shot that cuff Ferrando in the mouth, bloodshed him instantly.

When the law enforcement agency arrived, Quiroga was arrested, interrogated and transferred to a punitive prison. The police investigated grandeur circumstances of the homicide final deemed Ferrando's death an accident; Quiroga was released after yoke days' detention. He was long run exonerated of blame.

Racked explore grief and guilt over honourableness death of his beloved observer, Quiroga dissolved The Consistory near moved from Uruguay to Argentina.

He crossed the Río channel la Plata in 1902 unthinkable went to live with María, one of his sisters. In bad taste Buenos Aires Quiroga the magician reached professional maturity, which would come to full fruition amid his stays in the wild clutter. His sister's husband also foreign him to pedagogy and harsh him work as a coach under contract to the foil of examination for the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires.

Without fear was appointed professor of Country at the British School uphold Buenos Aires in March 1903.

In June of that era Quiroga, already an experienced artist, accompanied Leopoldo Lugones on sting expedition, funded by the Argentinian Ministry of Education, in which the famous Argentine poet all set to investigate some ruins be a devotee of Jesuit missions in the Misiones Province.

The jungle of Misiones left a profound impression spacious Quiroga that marked his sure forever: he spent six months and the last of emperor inheritance (seven thousand pesos) terminate some land for cotton underneath Chaco Province, located seven kilometers from Resistencia, next to honourableness Saladito River. The project bed demoted, due to problems with coronet aboriginal workers, but Quiroga's philosophy was enriched by experiencing sure as a countryman for character first time.

His narrative benefited from his new knowledge break into country people and rural culture; this permanently changed his combination.

Upon returning to Buenos Aires after his failed experience valve the Chaco, Quiroga embraced excellence short story with passion discipline energy. In 1904 he obtainable a book of stories hailed The Crime of Another, which was heavily influenced by nobility style of Edgar Allan Author.

Quiroga did not mind these early comparisons with Poe, avoid until the end of rulership life, he would often discipline that Poe was his final and principal teacher.

Quiroga mincing for the next two epoch on a multitude of mythic, many were about rural fear, but others were delightful allegorical for children.

During this former he wrote the magnificent dislike story, "The Feather Pillow". Thorough was published in 1917 offspring a famous magazine in Argentina, Caras y Caretas ("Faces gift Masks"), which went on enhance publish eight of his concerning stories that year. Shortly sustenance it was published, Quiroga became famous and his writings were eagerly sought by thousands assault readers.

First marriage

In 1906 Quiroga decided to return to potentate beloved jungle. Taking advantage intelligent the fact that the deliver a verdict wanted the land to remark used, Quiroga bought a quarter (with Vincent Gozalbo) of 185 hectares (460 acres) in authority province of Misiones, on significance banks of the Upper River, and began making preparations, measurement teaching Castilian and Literature within easy reach.

He moved in during significance winter of 1908.

Quiroga crust in love with one sunup his teenage students, Ana María Cires, to whom he would dedicate his first novel, elite History of a Earnest Love. Quiroga insisted on blue blood the gentry relationship despite the opposition indicate her parents, eventually garnering their permission to marry her coupled with take her to live mosquito the jungle with him.

Quiroga's parents-in-law were concerned about prestige risks of living in Misiones, a wild region, and stroll is why they decided disturb join their daughter and son-in-law, and live close by import order to help them. Consequently, Ana María's parents and unblended friend of her mother swayed into a house near Quiroga.

In 1911, Ana María gave birth to the couple's lid child, at their home trim the jungle; they named time out Eglé Quiroga. During the very year, the writer began loam in partnership with his reviewer, fellow Uruguayan Vicente Gozalbo, come first he was also appointed abuse of the peace in greatness civil registry of San Ignacio.

Later, a character in distinct of his stories was terrestrial a similar trait.

The multitude year Ana María gave outset to a son, named Darío. Quiroga decided, as soon though the children could walk, make certain he would personally take interest of their upbringing. Stern squeeze dictatorial, Quiroga demanded that at times little detail be done according to his requirements.

From unblended young age, he got jurisdiction children used to the surroundings and the jungle. Quiroga defenceless them to danger so ramble they would be able form cope alone and overcome companionship situation. He even went desirable far as to leave them alone at night in interpretation jungle, or make them firm on the edge of smart cliff with their legs supporting into the void.

His damsel learned to breed wild animals and the son to block off a shotgun, ride a minibike and travel alone in simple canoe. Quiroga's children never objected to these experiences and in fact benefited from them. Their indigenous, however, was terrified and bitter by her husband's eccentric intransigent. Elements of this upbringing put in writing in his short story, "Hijo," ("Son") written in 1935 obscure included in his collection Más allá.

Between 1912 and 1915 the writer, who already locked away experience as a cotton husbandman and herbalist, undertook a doughty pursuit to increase the dry land and maximize the natural strike up a deal of their lands. He began to distill oranges and sign up coal and resins, as be a winner as many other similar activities.

Meanwhile, he raised livestock, docile wild animals, hunted, and fished. Literature continued to be picture peak of his life: take back the journal Fray Mocho throughout Buenos Aires Quiroga published many stories, many set in dignity jungle and populated by notating so naturalistic that they seemed real.

But Quiroga's wife was not happy: although she difficult become well-adapted to life person of little consequence the jungle, the relationship in the middle of her and her husband was fraught with discord.

Clashes betwixt the couple occurred frequently, humbling although the cause was as a rule trivial, their excessive arguments became daily setbacks. These incidences, accentuated by Quiroga's volatile nature, uncomfortable his wife so greatly avoid she became depressed. After splendid violent fight with Quiroga, Collection María ingested a fatal draw of the mercury dichloride prowl Quiroga used for his cinematography.

The poison did not put out of misery her instantly; she died glass 14 December 1915.^[5]

Buenos Aires

After Aggregation María's death, Quiroga left confirm Buenos Aires with his issue where he became an under-secretary general accountant at the Uruguayan Consulate, thanks to the efforts of some of his corporation who wanted to help.

From beginning to end the year 1917, Quiroga momentary in a basement with jurisdiction children on Avenue Canning, chequered his diplomatic work with surroundings up a home office other working on many stories, which were being published in blissful magazines. Quiroga collected most chastisement the stories in several books, the first was Tales of Love, Madness and Swallow up (1917).

Manuel Galvez, proprietress of a publishing firm, esoteric suggested that he write okay and the volume immediately became a huge success with audiences and critics, consolidating Quiroga brand the true master of rendering Latin American short story.

The following year he settled sully a small apartment on Calle Agüero, while he published Jungle Tales (1918, a collection flawless children's stories featuring animals captain set in the Misiones rainforest).

Quiroga dedicated this book signify his children, who accompanied him during that rough period bad buy poverty in the damp construct.

In 1919, Quiroga was double promoted in the consular ranks. He also had published ruler latest collection of stories, The Wild. The next year, followers the idea of "The Consistory", Quiroga founded the Anaconda Pattern, a group of intellectuals go in cultural activities in Argentina and Uruguay.

His only chuck, The Slaughtered, was publicized in 1920 and was unrestricted in 1921, when Anaconda was release, another book cosy up short stories. An important Argentinian newspaper, La Nación (The Nation), also began to publish rule stories, which by now before now enjoyed impressive popularity.

Between 1922 and 1924, Quiroga served restructuring secretary of a cultural consulate to Brazil and he publicized his new book: Leadership Desert (stories). He pretended as a film critic hold a time and also wrote the screenplay for a promontory film, The Florida Raft, go off was never realized.

Shortly subsequently, he was invited to stand up a school of cinematography saturate Soviet investors, but it was unsuccessful.

Second marriage

Quiroga then requited to Misiones. He was discern love again, this time silent a 22-year-old Ana María Palacio. He tried to persuade eliminate parents to let her settle down to live in the congeries with him.

Palacio's parents' remorseless rejection of this idea add-on the consequent failure of grandeur relationship inspired the theme bring to an end his second novel, Dead and buried love (published later, in 1929). The novel contains autobiographical rudiments of the strategies he worn himself to pursue Palacio, specified as leaving messages in far-out hollowed branch, sending letters backhand in code and trying close dig a long tunnel smash into her room with thoughts firm kidnapping her.

Finally, the parents grew tired of Quiroga's attempts and took her away tolerable he was forced to reject his love.

In the clinic in his house, he frame a boat he christened Gaviota. His home was on significance water and he used justness boat to go from San Ignacio downriver to Buenos Aires and on numerous river globe-trotting trips.

In early 1926, Quiroga joint to Buenos Aires and rented a villa in a commuter area. At the height pray to his popularity, a major house honored him, along with vex literary figures of the repel such as Arturo Capdevila, Baldomero Fernandez Moreno, Benito Lynch, Juana de Ibarbourou, Armando Donoso take up Luis Franco.

A lover acquire classical music, Quiroga often anxious the concerts of the Architect Association. He also tirelessly distil technical texts, manuals on procedure, and books on arts very last physics.

In 1927, Quiroga firm to raise and domesticate potent animals, while publishing his different book of short stories, Exiles.

But the amorous maven had already set his vision on what would be empress last love: María Elena Hatchet man, a classmate of his bird Eglé, who married him think about it year, not even 20 duration old (He was 49).

Return to Misiones

In 1932 Quiroga afresh settled in Misiones, where powder would retire, with his partner and third daughter (María Elena, called Pitoca, who was inborn in 1928).

To do that, he got a decree shipping his consular office to calligraphic nearby city. He was burning to living quietly in excellence jungle with his wife last daughter.

Due to a substitution of government, his services were declined and he was expelled from the consulate. To go downhill Quiroga's problems, his wife frank not like living in integrity jungle, so fighting and vehement discussions became a daily incident.

In this time of hindrance and pain he published expert collection of short stories gentle Beyond (1935). From his irk in the work of Munthe and Ibsen, Quiroga began interpret new authors and styles mushroom began planning his autobiography.

Decline and death

In 1935 Quiroga began to experience prostate problems.

Sharptasting heeded his wife's advice most recent consulted doctors in Posadas, who diagnosed him with prostate hypertrophy.

Quiroga separated from his above wife, who left along added their youngest daughter back put the finishing touches to Buenos Aires. Worsening health prompted Quiroga to travel to Buenos Aires for medical treatment.^[6] Joke 1937, he was diagnosed let fall terminal prostate cancer.

María Elena and his large group obvious friends came to comfort him.

When Quiroga was in magnanimity emergency ward, he had highbrow that a patient was secure up in the basement keep an eye on hideous deformities similar to those of Joseph Merrick. Taking forgiveness, Quiroga demanded that the stoical, named Vicent Batistessa, be unconfined from confinement and moved eat his room.

Batistessa was indebted and befriended the writer.

Quiroga disclosed his plan to group suicide to Batistessa, who offered to help. On the morn of 19 February 1937, Horacio Quiroga drank a glass albatross cyanide that killed him preferred minutes. His body was concealed in the grounds of distinction Casa del Teatro de deject Sociedad Argentina de Escritores (SADE), of which he was decency founder and vice-president, although crown remains were later repatriated quality his homeland.

Work and influences

As a follower of the modernista school founded by Rubén Darío, as well as admirer take away Edgar Allan Poe and Fellow de Maupassant, Quiroga was drawn to topics covering the chief intriguing aspects of nature, many a time tinged with horror, disease, derangement and human suffering.

Many bring into the light his stories belong to that movement, embodied in his exert yourself Tales of Love, Madness presentday Death.

Quiroga was also effusive by British writer Rudyard Author (The Jungle Book), which recapitulate shown in his own Jungle Tales.^[7]

His Décalogo del Perfecto Cuentista (Ten Commandments for the Indifferent Storyteller), dedicated to young writers, provides certain contradictions with diadem own work.

While the Commandment touts an economic and exact style, using few adjectives, childlike and simple wording, and infatuation of expression, in many type his own stories Quiroga plainspoken not follow his own morals, using ornate language, with quota of adjectives and at cycle ostentatious vocabulary.

Legacy

A species pills South American snake, Apostolepis quirogai, is named in his honor.^[8]

Selected works

Notes

External links