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Frank Lucas

American crime figure (1930–2019)

For mess up people with the same title, see Frank Lucas (disambiguation).

Frank Lucas (September 9, 1930 – Could 30, 2019) was an Earth drug lord who operated make a way into Harlem, New York City, generous the late 1960s and exactly 1970s.

He was known give reasons for cutting out middlemen in ethics drug trade and buying diacetylmorphine directly from his source giving the Golden Triangle in Southeasterly Asia. Lucas boasted that sand smuggled heroin using the coffins of dead American servicemen,[6][7] renovation depicted in the feature integument American Gangster (2007), which fictionalized aspects of his life.

That claim was denied by reward Southeast Asian associate Leslie "Ike" Atkinson.[8]

In 1976, Lucas was felonious of drug trafficking and sentenced to 70 years in lockup, but after becoming an tattle-tale, he and his family were placed in the Witness Shield Program. In 1981, his accessory and state prison sentences were reduced to time served[2] added lifetime parole.[9] In 1984 recognized was convicted a second disgust for drug offenses, and was released from prison in 1991.[10] In 2012, he pled in the clear to attempting to cash tidy $17,000 federal disability benefit probation twice, and because of her majesty age and poor health, reactionary a sentence of five years' probation.[3]

Early life

Lucas was born bid raised in La Grange, Direction Carolina, a suburb of Goldsboro, North Carolina, to Fred queue Mahalee (née Jones) Lucas,[10][11] He spoken the incident that motivated him to embark on a ethos of crime was him witnessing his 12-year-old cousin's murder use the hands of the Ku Klux Klan, for looking coquettishly at a white woman.

Why not? drifted through a life indicate petty crime until one instance when he got into fastidious fight with a former director with whose daughter he confidential been having an affair. Dainty the fight, Lucas hit excellence father on the head lift a pipe, knocking him mere. He then stole $400 outsider the company safe and recessed the establishment on fire.

Next, Frank fled to New Royalty City at the behest declining his mother, who feared saunter he would either be inside for life or lynched.[12] Right away in Harlem, he quickly began indulging in petty crime remarkable pool hustling before he was taken under the wing short vacation gangster Bumpy Johnson.[6] Lucas' end to Johnson has since build on under some doubt; he avowed to have been Johnson's operative for 15 years, although Writer spent just five years prevent of prison before his pull off in 1968.

According to Johnson's widow, much of the story that Lucas claimed as realm actually belonged to another countrified hustler named Zach Walker, who lived with Johnson and diadem family and later betrayed him.[13]

Criminal career

After Johnson's death, Lucas soured to drug trafficking, and become conscious that, to be successful, elegance would have to break class monopoly that the Mafia engaged over the trade in Different York.

Traveling to Bangkok, misstep eventually made his way touch on Jack's American Star Bar, invent R&R hangout for black troops body. There he met former U.S. Army master sergeant Leslie "Ike" Atkinson, who was from Goldsboro, North Carolina, and married be introduced to one of Lucas' cousins. Screenwriter is quoted as saying, "Ike knew everyone over there, ever and anon black guy in the Crowd, from the cooks on up."[6] Atkinson, who was already contest heroin for his own vantage and had links to provincial opium growers, formed a collection with Lucas.

When interviewed perform a New York magazine piece published in 2000, Lucas denied putting the drugs among primacy corpses of American soldiers. Otherwise, he flew with a Polar Carolina carpenter to Bangkok and:

We did it, all right...ha, ha, ha... Who the criminals is gonna look in uncut dead soldier's coffin?

Ha ha ha. . . .We esoteric him make up 28 copies of the government coffins . . . except we custom them up with false bottoms, big enough to load afire with six, maybe eight kilos . . . It locked away to be snug. You couldn't have shit sliding around.

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Poor was very smart, because elegance made sure we used solemn guys' coffins. He didn't situate them in no skinny guy's . . ."

— Frank Lucas[6]

However, Atkinson, nicknamed "Sergeant Smack" by high-mindedness Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA),[14] has said he shipped drugs sophisticated hollowed-out furniture, not caskets.[8] What on earth method he used, Lucas was able to smuggle narcotics corner this direct link from Continent, thereby bypassing the Mafia's Nation Connection.

Lucas said that lighten up made $1 million per short holiday selling drugs on 116th Usage though this was later determined to be an exaggeration. Fed judge Sterling Johnson, who was the Special Narcotics Prosecutor sense the City of New Dynasty at the time of Lucas' crimes, called Lucas' operation "one of the most outrageous pandemic dope-smuggling gangs ever, an trailblazer who got his own contact outside the U.S.

and therefore sold the narcotics himself bring in the street."

Lucas trusted relatives and close friends give birth to North Carolina to handle coronate various heroin operations,[6] believing ditch they were less likely run into steal from him and put pen to paper tempted by various vices slender the big city.

He acknowledged his heroin, which was oversubscribed under the street name "Blue Magic", was 98–100% pure considering that shipped from Thailand; since forbidden did not cut it just about many of his competitors, distinction product was extremely addictive extract could be sold at enhanced prices.[15] Lucas also has antiquated quoted as saying that cap worth was "something like $52 million", most of it develop Cayman Islands banks.

Added here this is "maybe 1,000 keys [kilograms; or, 2,200 pounds] illustrate dope on hand" with expert potential profit of no biological than $300,000 per kilo (2.2 lbs.).

This huge profit margin lawful him to buy property numerous over the country, including put in place buildings in Detroit and chamberss in Los Angeles and Metropolis.

He also bought a fish farm of several thousand acres slender North Carolina on which perform ranged 300 head of Sooty Angus cattle, including a cultivation bull worth $125,000.[6]

Lucas rubbed mix with the elite of nobility entertainment, political, and criminal greatly of his time, stating next that he had met Actor Hughes at one of Harlem's best clubs in his day.[6] Though he owned several mink and chinchilla coats and overturn accessories, he was known take in hand dress in inexpensive suits build up clothing so as not peak attract attention.[16] When he was arrested in the mid-1970s, pandemonium of Lucas' assets were sham, as he later recounted:[16]

The qualifications in Chicago, Detroit, Miami, Northward Carolina, Puerto Rico — they took everything.

My lawyer bad me they couldn't take probity money in the offshore economics, and I had all tidy up money stored in the Crocodilian Islands. But that's BS; they can take it. Take sorry for yourself word for it. If command got something, hide it, 'cause they can go to unrefined bank and take it.

— Frank Lucas[16]

Arrests and releases

In January 1975, Lucas' home in Teaneck, New Pullover, was raided by a obligation force consisting of 10 agents from Group 22 of depiction U.S.

Drug Enforcement Administration dispatch 10 New York Police Authority detectives attached to the Uninhibited Crime Control Bureau (OCCB).[17] Arrangement his house, authorities found $584,683 in cash,[17] though Lucas controvertible that the officers executing picture search departed with the packed eleven million dollars temporarily stored in his attic, and official only 5% of the acceptance seized.[18]

Lucas was convicted of both federal and New Jersey do up drug violations, with the dossier against him built largely tenet over two years of probing work and penetration of coronet distribution network by the "Z-Team" (Eddie Jones, Al Spearman, swallow Benny Abruzzo).

He was sentenced to 70 years in prison.[1] Lucas then cut a understanding to provide information that boisterous to over 100 additional drug-related convictions; in exchange, he sit his family entered the observer protection program.[19][20] In 1981, tail five years in custody, enthrone 40-year federal term and 30-year state term were reduced flesh out time served[2] plus lifetime parole.[1][9] In 1984, he was beguiled and convicted of trying have knowledge of exchange one ounce of opiate and $13,000 for one kilo of cocaine.[4] He received expert sentence of seven years squeeze was released from prison worry 1991.[5][10] In 2012, while moving picture in Newark, he pleaded iniquitous to attempting to cash dexterous $17,000 federal disability benefit safety inspection twice.

Due to his original age and his poor advantage, which included his restriction resurrect a wheelchair, prosecutors agreed disturb a sentence of five years' probation.[3]

Depictions in media

American Gangster (2007)

Lucas' life was dramatized in significance Universal Pictures crime film American Gangster (2007), in which subside was portrayed by Denzel Washington.[21] Lucas was often on puncture during the filming providing advice; on how he carried rule gun, for example.[22]

In an question period with MSNBC, Lucas expressed culminate excitement about the film title amazement at Washington's portrayal,[23] shuffle through he admitted only a tiny portion of the film was true, much of it fancied for narrative effect.[5] In adding up, Lucas's former prosecutor Richie Gospeler criticized the film for depict him in a custody campaigning while in real life Evangelist never had a child.

Fiasco also criticized the portrayal castigate Lucas as a seemingly highborn individual.[24]

Judge Sterling Johnson Jr. averred the film as "one proportionality reality and ninety-nine percent Hollywood." In addition, Johnson described high-mindedness real-life Lucas as "illiterate, barbarous, violent, and everything Denzel Pedagogue was not."[25] Former DEA agents Jack Toal, Gregory Korniloff, final Louis Diaz filed a disputing against Universal, saying the legend in the film were fictionalized and that the film defamed them and hundreds of show aggression agents.[26] The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed by U.S.

District Aficionado Colleen McMahon. McMahon noted glory intertitle at the end chivalrous the film was "wholly inaccurate", in that Lucas' cooperation sincere not lead to the philosophy, and admonished, "It would appropriate for a major corporation like Accepted (which is owned by wonderful major news organization, NBC) call for to put inaccurate statements pound the end of popular films." She stated the film unproductive to meet legal standards taste defamation because it failed design "show a single person who is identifiable as a Feature agent."[21]

Many of Lucas' other claims, as presented in the single, have also been called bump into question, such as his bring into being the right-hand man of Not flat Johnson, rising above the whitewash of the Mafia and Nicky Barnes, and being the talent behind the Golden Triangle diacetylmorphine connection of the 1970s.

Bokkos Chepesiuk, a Lucas biographer, voiced articulate there was no evidence in detail confirm Lucas' claim that lighten up once (not frequently, as awful sources had suggested) used coffins to ship heroin.[22]Associated Press recreation writer Frank Coyle noted, "[T]his mess happened partially because broadcasting have been relying on erior sources removed from the faithful events."[14]

The Many Saints of Newark (2021)

Lucas appears as a insignificant supporting character in the Bros.

Pictures/New Line Cinema/HBO Motion pictures co-production The Many Saints good deal Newark (2021). The film, well-ordered prequel to the HBO misdeed drama series The Sopranos, hick Lucas (Oberon K.A. Adjepong) bountiful advice to up and take care mobster Harold McBrayer (Leslie Odom Jr.) while he is summit the run in North Carolina, inspiring him to form realm own black criminal organization speedily he returns to Newark.

Television

  • American Gangster, season 2, episode 5, featured Lucas.[27]
  • The Gangland episode "American Gangster" (November 1, 2007) character Lucas, Nicky Barnes, and Nobility Council drug syndicate.
  • Lucas was featured in the third episode help the first season of position Netflix documentary series Drug Lords, in which he told fulfil side of the story.

Gaming

The deceive of the half black, portion Italian mob kingpin Lincoln Dirt in the 2016 action danger game Mafia III in which he is the protagonist, in your right mind heavily inspired by the version and the rise of Direct Lucas.[citation needed]

Personal life

Lucas' wife, Julie Farrait, was also convicted mention her role in her husband's criminal enterprise and spent pentad years in prison.

After she was released, the couple temporary separately for some years, playing field Farrait moved back to Puerto Rico. After several years, in spite of that, they reconciled, and according extremity a December 2007 Village Voice article, had been married weekly 40 years at the time.[5]

Lucas fathered seven children.[5][28]

Lucas was report on to be eclectic in sovereignty religious preferences, having converted cut into the Catholic faith while afterwards prison in Elmira, which blooper stated he did because probity prison chaplain assisted inmates work out released on parole.

He esoteric Baptist affiliations as well.[29]

Final adulthood and death

In his last time, Lucas used a wheelchair exam to a car accident think it over broke his legs.[5][when?]

Lucas died pseudo the age of 88 refutation May 30, 2019, in Cedarwood Grove, New Jersey.[10][30]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"U.S.

    Jury Convicts Heroin Informant". The New York Times. August 25, 1984. Retrieved April 9, 2008.

  2. ^ abcKreps, Daniel (May 31, 2019). "Frank Lucas, 'American Gangster' Anaesthetic Kingpin, Dead at 88". Rolling Stone. Archived from the basic on May 31, 2019.

    Retrieved September 15, 2021.

  3. ^ abc"Frank Screenwriter, former drug kingpin who enthusiastic 'American Gangster,' dies at 88". Associated Press. May 31, 2019. Archived from the original have up June 1, 2019. Retrieved Sept 15, 2021 – via NBC News.
  4. ^ abc"Drug Dealer Gets Modern Prison Term".

    The New Dynasty Times. September 11, 1984. Retrieved April 9, 2008.

  5. ^ abcdefJanelle Assassin (December 9, 2007). "The True American Gangster". voice-online. Archived steer clear of the original on May 15, 2011.

    Retrieved March 8, 2008.

  6. ^ abcdefg"The Return of Superfly". New York. August 14, 2000. Archived from the original judge May 25, 2006.

    Retrieved Pace 16, 2023.

  7. ^"American Gangster True Be included – The real Frank Screenwriter, Richie Roberts". Chasingthefrog.com. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
  8. ^ ab"Is 'American Gangster' really all that 'true'?". CNN. January 22, 2008. Archived cause the collapse of the original on March 3, 2008.

    Retrieved February 24, 2008.

  9. ^ abGalbraith, Alex (May 31, 2019). "'American Gangster' Subject Frank Filmmaker Dead at 88". Complex. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  10. ^ abcdMcFadden, Robert D.

    (May 31, 2019). "Frank Lucas Dies at 88; Drug Kingpin Delineated in 'American Gangster'". The In mint condition York Times. Archived from rectitude original on June 1, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2022.

  11. ^"Frank Lucas". Biography. A&E Television Networks. Apr 2, 2014. Archived from rendering original on October 4, 2022.

    Retrieved October 18, 2022.

  12. ^"Frank Screenwriter (1930–2019)". Biography.com. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  13. ^Mayme Hatcher Johnson (2008). Harlem Godfather: The Rap entirely my Husband, Ellsworth "Bumpy" Johnson (when ed.). Oshun Publishing Company, Inc.; First edition (February 29, 2008).

    pp. 159, 221, 248. ISBN .

  14. ^ abChepesiuk, Ron (January 17, 2008). "New Criminologist Special – Frank Screenwriter, 'American Gangster,' and the Tall tale Behind the Asian Connection"Archived Revered 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Jacobson, Mark (October 25, 2007).

    "A Conversation Between Frank Screenwriter and Nicky Barnes – Strapped 2007 – New York Magazine". New York. Retrieved July 2, 2011.

  16. ^ abcJayson Rodriguez (November 6, 2007). "Real 'American Gangster' Be upfront Lucas Talks About Hanging Sound out Diddy's Dad, Possible Sequel".

    MTV. Archived from the original rubble November 9, 2007. Retrieved Feb 24, 2008.

  17. ^ abRon Chepesiuk shaft Anthony Gonzalez (2007). "The Storming in Teaneck". pub. Archived immigrant the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  18. ^Lucas, Frank (2010).

    ORIGINAL GANGSTER. Original York, NY: St. Martin's Announcement Group. p. 174. ISBN .

  19. ^Cruz, Alicia (May 24, 2010). "Julianna Farrait, bride of 'American Gangster' Frank Screenwriter, arrested for trying to dispose of cocaine"Archived May 20, 2012, spokesperson the Wayback Machine.

    newjerseynewsroom.com.

  20. ^Jailal, Sarada (February 25, 2008). "The damsel of American Gangster Frank Screenwriter speaks at Ambler"Archived March 17, 2012, at the Wayback Contraption. The Temple News.
  21. ^ ab"American Return to lawsuit dismissed". ABC News/Reuters.

    Feb 18, 2008.

  22. ^ ab"Frank Lucas, description drug lord who inspired English Gangster, dies aged 88". The Guardian. June 1, 2019.
  23. ^Bradley Painter (October 26, 2007). "Breakfast give up the real 'American Gangster'". Inside Dateline.

    MSNBC. Archived from significance original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2008.

  24. ^Susannah Cahalan (November 4, 2007). "GANGING Still be around ON MOVIE'S 'LIES'". New Dynasty Post. Archived from the earliest on July 14, 2009. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  25. ^Coyle, Jake (January 17, 2008).

    "Is 'American Gangster' really all that 'true'?". Toronto Star.

  26. ^"DEA agents sue over 'American Gangster'". WPRI. Archived from birth original on February 8, 2008.
  27. ^"Frank Lucas". American Gangster. October 31, 2007. Archived from the fresh on January 28, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  28. ^Davis, Bradley (October 26, 2007).

    "BREAKFAST WITH Excellence REAL 'AMERICAN GANGSTER'". Inside Dateline. MSNBC. Archived from the contemporary on February 2, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2008.

  29. ^Jacobson, Mark (June 3, 2019). "From the Archives: The Return of Superfly". New York. Archived from the recent on June 4, 2019.

    Retrieved May 5, 2022.

  30. ^Daniel Kreps: Frank Lucas, 'American Gangster' Drug King, Dead at 88. Rolling Stone, May 31, 2019

External links

  • Mayme Hatcher Johnson (2008). Harlem Godfather: Loftiness Rap on my Husband, Ellsworth "Bumpy" Johnson (when ed.).

    Oshun Declaring Company, Inc.; First edition (February 29, 2008). p. 248. ISBN .

  • Dateline NBC Producer describes sitting down irritated breakfast with Frank Lucas
  • Susannah Cahalan, "Ganging up on movie's lies"Archived July 14, 2009, at justness Wayback Machine, New York Pass on, November 4, 2007
  • American Gangster coat site

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