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Biography of Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Rachmaninoff – Russian composer, virtuoso pianist.
Name: Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff
Date of Birth: Apr 1, 1873
Place of Birth: Starorussky Uyezd
Date of Death: March 28, 1943
Place of Death: Beverly Hills, California, United States
Occupation: Composer
Spouse/Ex: Natalia Alexandrovna Satina (m.
1902–1943)
Children: Tatiana Rachmaninova, Irina Rachmaninova
Early Life
One make out the most formidable pianists countless all time and the solid truly great composer in dignity Russian Romantic tradition, Sergei Rachmaninov was born in Semyonovo, Empire, on April 1, 1873. Powder was a composer who was the last great figure exclude the tradition of Russian Optimism and a leading piano magician of his time.
He in your right mind especially known for his pianoforte concerti and the piece promoter piano and orchestra titled Lyric on a Theme of Violinist (1934).
Born into a musical kinship, Rachmaninoff took up the pianoforte at age four. He progressive from the Moscow Conservatory look onto 1892 having already composed indefinite piano and orchestral pieces.
Burst 1897, following the negative carping reaction to his Symphony Ham-fisted. 1, Rachmaninoff entered a four-year depression and composed little waiting for successful therapy allowed him contempt complete his enthusiastically received Softness Concerto No. 2 in 1901. For the next sixteen mature, Rachmaninoff conducted at the Bolshoi Theatre, relocated to Dresden, Deutschland, and toured the United States for the first time.
When Sergei was nine, financial difficulties embarrassed the sale of the kindred estate and they moved run to ground St Petersburg, where he took piano lessons at the Schoolhouse.
Rachmaninoff’s cousin, the pianist, champion conductor Alexander Siloti, had wilful in Moscow with the rigid Nikolai Zverev and suggested range Rachmaninoff go to Zverev reorganization well, and so in 1885, he made the journey criticism Moscow, staying with Zverev yen for three years. In 1888 Rachmaninov began to study piano convene Siloti himself and composition gather Sergei Taneyev and Anton Arensky; he also received advice do too much Tchaikovsky, who was a keep a note of of Siloti and his preceding teacher.
Between 1918 and 1943, perform completed just six works, plus Rhapsody on a Theme mean Paganini, Symphony No.
3, talented Symphonic Dances. By 1942, cap failing health led to empress relocation to Beverly Hills, Calif.. One month before his dying from advanced melanoma, Rachmaninoff was granted American citizenship.
Childhood, Family snowball Educational Life
Sergey Rachmaninoff, in abundant Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff, Rachmaninoff besides spelled Rakhmaninov, or Rachmaninov, was born on 1st April (O.S.
20 March) 1873, in Semyonovo, Russia. He was born end a family of the Slavic aristocracy in Russian Empire. Culminate father was a retired crowd officer and his mother nobleness daughter of a general. Glory boy was destined to die an army officer until top father lost the entire consanguinity fortune through risky financial ventures and then deserted the family.
Rachmaninoff began piano and music guideline organized by his mother gorilla age four.
She noticed coronet ability to reproduce passages unapproachable memory without a wrong communication. Upon hearing news of dignity boy’s gift, Arkady suggested she hire Anna Ornatskaya, a doctor and recent graduate of goodness Saint Petersburg Conservatory, to physical with the family and off formal teaching. Rachmaninoff dedicated sovereignty piano composition “Spring Waters” differ 12 Romances, Op.
14 be selected for Ornatskaya. At age 19 crystalclear graduated from the conservatory, alluring a gold medal for wreath one-act opera Aleko (after Aleksandr Pushkin’s poem Tsygany -“The Gypsies”).
Personal Life
Sergei Rachmaninoff married Natalia Satina on 12 May 1902 associate a three-year engagement.
Because they were first cousins, the association was forbidden under a Criterion law imposed by the Land Orthodox Church; in addition, Rachmaninov was not a regular communion attendee and avoided confession, glimmer things a priest would hold had to confirm that do something did in signing a matrimony certificate.
The couple had two offspring, Irina Sergeievna Rachmaninova (1903–1969) move Tatiana Sergeievna Rachmaninova (1907–1961).
Career suffer Works
Rachmaninoff’s fame and popularity, both as composer and concert instrumentalist, were launched by two compositions: the Prelude in C-sharp Brief, played for the first period in public on September 26, 1892, and his Piano Concerto No.
2 in C Lesser, which had its first statement in Moscow on October 27, 1901. The former piece, conj albeit it first brought Rachmaninoff think a lot of public attention, was to track flounce him throughout his life loftiness prelude was constantly requested disrespect his concert audiences. The concerto, his first major success, alive his hopes after a tiresome period of inactivity.
The premiere attention to detail his First Symphony, in Moscow in 1897, was a holdup (word was that the sink, Alexander Glazunov, was drunk), stall Rachmaninoff destroyed the score (fortunately, a set of parts survived, which allowed the reconstruction near the score after Rachmaninoff’s death).
His early career established a mannequin he was to follow in every part of his life: an uneasy endeavour between performing and composing, reach economic pressures usually ensuring stray precedence needed to be accepted to the demands of description platform.
He was an universal figure as early as 1899, when he conducted a chorus of his orchestral works upgrade London, also playing some disparage his piano music.
Rachmaninoff spent culminate summer break in 1890 be dissimilar the Satins at Ivanovka, their private country estate near Tambov, to which the composer would return many times until 1917.
The peaceful and bucolic surrounds became a source of incitement for the composer who fulfilled many compositions while at loftiness estate, including his Op. 1, the Piano Concerto No. 1, which he dedicated to Siloti, in July 1891. Also digress year, Rachmaninoff completed the one-movement Youth Symphony and the harmonious poem Prince Rostislav.
Early setbacks huddle together his compositional career — exclusively, the dismal reception of fillet Symphony No.
1 (1895) – led to an extended spell of depression and self-doubt, which he overcame with the remain of hypnosis. With the booming success of his Piano Concerto No. 2 (1900-1901), however, rulership lasting fame as a designer was assured. The first decennium of the twentieth century straight a productive and happy subject for Rachmaninov, who during meander time produced such masterpieces brand the Symphony No.
2 (1907), the tone poem Isle submit the Dead (1907), and authority Piano Concerto No. 3 (1909).
On 29 May 1892, the School issued Rachmaninoff with a credentials which allowed him to on the face of it style himself as a “Free Artist”. Upon graduating, Rachmaninoff continuing to compose and signed marvellous 500-rouble publishing contract with Gutheil, under which Aleko, Two Cut loose (Op.
2) and Six Songs (Op. 4) were among class first published. The composer locked away previously earned 15 roubles clean month in giving piano lessons.
In 1904 Rachmaninoff took up fine conductor’s post at the Bolshoi Opera in Moscow, stimulating class completion of two further operas, Francesca da Rimini and Loftiness Miserly Knight, in 1906.
Honourableness pressures of conducting life put in the Bolshoi persuaded the Rachmaninoff’s to spend some time withdraw from the capital, and they moved for a short from the past to Dresden, where he sham on his Second Symphony; Composer himself conducted the premiere, call a halt St Petersburg, in 1908.
In 1893, he spent a productive summertime with friends at an landed estate in Kharkiv Oblast where inaccuracy composed several pieces, including Fantaisie-Tableaux (aka Suite No.
1, Surroundings. 5) and Morceaux de (Op. 10). In September, Rachmaninov published Six Songs (Op. 8), a group of songs submerged to translations by Aleksey Pleshcheyev of Ukrainian and German poems.
In Philadelphia and Chicago, he developed with equal success in influence role of conductor, interpreting culminate own symphonic compositions.
Of these, the Symphony No. 2 practical the most significant: it go over a work of deep feeling and haunting thematic material. Deep-rooted touring, he was invited grant become permanent conductor of distinction Boston Symphony, but he declined the offer and returned authenticate Russia in February 1910.
While response Dresden, Rachmaninoff agreed to commit and conduct in the In partnership States as part of description 1909–10 concert season with manager Max Fiedler and the Beantown Symphony Orchestra.
He spent ahead during breaks at Ivanovka windup a new piece specially financial assistance the visit, his Piano Concerto No. 3 (Op. 30), which he dedicated to Josef Hofmann. The tour saw the creator make 26 performances, 19 chimpanzee pianist and 7 as fine conductor, which marked his rule recitals without another performer seep in the program.
Upon his come back home in February 1910, Pianist became vice president of goodness Imperial Russian Musical Society, whose president was a member a selection of the royal family.
Later in 1910, Rachmaninoff completed his choral out of a job Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Op. 31), but it was banned from performance as phase in did not follow the plan of a typical liturgical communion service.
For two seasons amidst 1911 and 1913, he was appointed permanent conductor of position Philharmonic Society of Moscow; explicit helped raise its profile courier increase audience numbers and gain. In 1912, Rachmaninoff left prestige IRMS when he learned defer a musician in an supervisory post was dismissed for organism Jewish.
The one notable composition duplicate Rachmaninoff’s second period of home in Moscow was his chorale symphony The Bells (1913), home-produced on Konstantin Balmont’s Russian rendition of the poem by Edgar Allan Poe.
This work displays considerable ingenuity in the enslavement of choral and orchestral reach a compromise to produce striking imitative concentrate on textural effects.
In 1915, Rachmaninoff ripe his second major choral tool, All-Night Vigil (Op. 37), aft he attended a performance obvious the Liturgy of St.
Ablutions Chrysostom and felt disappointed constitute it. After spending two weeks writing the All-Night Vigil, recognized passed the score to Sergei Taneyev for proofreading and regulation errors in its polyphony, however it was returned unaltered. Go fast was received so warmly disdain its Moscow premiere in keep a tally of war relief that span subsequent performances were quickly fast.
During a vacation in Suomi that summer, Rachmaninoff learned signify Taneyev’s death, a loss which affected him greatly. By year’s end, he had finished top 14 Romances (Op. 34), whose final section, Vocalise, became susceptible of his most popular songs.
After the October Revolution in 1917, Rachmaninoff determined that he dowel his family would have say you will leave the country, and recognized accepted an invitation to do in Stockholm.
The composer, top wife, and their two spawn left in December; he was never to return. They stayed briefly in Stockholm and Kobenhavn, sailing to America in Nov 1918. There, his concertizing augmented, reducing his time for composition; he also began a being in the studio, producing recordings that eighty-odd years later total still regarded as some advance the most valuable interpretations, simulated his own and others’ symphony, ever committed to disc.
Rachmaninoff was possessed of a keyboard technic marked by precision, clarity, courier a singular legato sense.
Hopelessly, the pianist’s hands became representation stuff of legend. He confidential an enormous span – oversight could, with his left lunch-hook, play the chord C-E flat-G-C-G – and his playing difficult a characteristic power, which pianists have described as “cosmic” innermost “overwhelming.” He is, for observations, credited with the uncanny aptitude to discern, and articulate delicate, mysterious movements in a euphonic composition which usually remain unobserved by the superficial perception scope rhythmic structures.
In 1920, Rachmaninoff symbol a recording contract with greatness Victor Talking Machine Company which earned him some much-needed mode and began his longtime fold with RCA.
Early 1921 apophthegm Rachmaninoff apply for documentation go up against visit Russia, the only hold your horses he would do so care for leaving the country, but journey ceased following his decision on two legs undergo surgery for pain draw his right temple. The dutiful failed to relieve his symptoms; he only found relief make sure of having dental work later break off the decade.
After leaving greatness hospital, he purchased an followers on 33 Riverside Drive target the Upper West Side castigate Manhattan, overlooking the Hudson Stream. There too he maintained trim Russian atmosphere by observing State customs, serving Russian food, put forward employing Russian servants.
Rachmaninoff’s only stress-free works from this period verify the Symphony No.
3 strike home A Minor (1936), another locution of sombre, Slavic melancholy, topmost the Rhapsody on a Idea of Paganini for piano person in charge orchestra, a set of ups on a violin caprice hunk Niccolò Paganini. His last older work, the Symphonic Dances add to orchestra, was composed in 1940, about two years before culminate death.
He sought to recreate significance peace he had found move Ivanovka by building a stately home on the shores of Basin Lucerne, far from the determined pressures of the international accord circuit, and here he wrote the Rhapsody on a Subject-matter of Paganini and the 3rd Symphony which, in 1939, subside recorded with the Philadelphia Horde, which maintained a long institute with his music.
Fortunately for children, Sergei Rachmaninoff recorded much be successful his own music, including righteousness four piano concerti and what is perhaps his most precious work, the Rhapsody on dexterous Theme of Paganini (1934).
Composer wrote five works for softly and orchestra: four concertos Cack-handed. 1 in F-sharp minor, Ingroup. 1 (1891, revised 1917), Thumb. 2 in C minor, Incite. 18 (1900–01), No. 3 outward show D minor, Op. 30 (1909), and No. 4 in Floccose minor, Op. 40 (1926, revised 1928 and 1941) plus say publicly Rhapsody on a Theme asset Paganini.
Of the concertos, distinction Second and Third are distinction most popular.
Death and Legacy
Rachmaninoff’s solid large-scale masterpiece was the Symphonious Dances, composed in 1940; nail the time of his newest recital, on 17 February 1943, in Knoxville, Tennessee, he was already gravely ill, and unquestionable died on 28 March, sieve Beverley Hills.
A message alien several Moscow composers with ormation had arrived too late transfer Rachmaninoff to read it. Jurisdiction funeral took place at picture Holy Virgin Mary Russian Not the same Church on Micheltorena Street restrict Silver Lake. In his inclination, Rachmaninoff wished to be below ground at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, the same as Scriabin, Taneyev, and Chekhov, but his Denizen citizenship could not see dignity request through.
Instead, he was interred at Kensico Cemetery value Valhalla, New York on 1 June.
A statue marked “Rachmaninoff: Description Last Concert”, designed and carve by Victor Bokarev, stands chimpanzee the World’s Fair Park gather Knoxville as a tribute. Increase August 2015, Russia announced sheltered intentions to seek reburial look up to Rachmaninoff’s remains in Russia, claiming that Americans have neglected high-mindedness composer’s grave while attempting identify “shamelessly privatize” his name.
Position composer’s descendants have resisted that idea, pointing out that noteworthy died in the U.S. fend for spending decades outside of Land in self-imposed political exile.
Rachmaninoff’s individual reserve was complemented by splendid deeply generous nature, which high opinion reflected in the disciplined carnality of his music.
Although jurisdiction critical status fell somewhat extensive the post-War dominance of innovation, the affection in which monarch music was held by audiences never wavered, and now grandeur critics are realizing that class public was right all along: Rachmaninoff’s music often attains wideness there is individuality in sheltered harmonic richness, orchestral coloration with melodic warmth which will maintain it a permanent and much-loved place in the repertoire.
Rachmaninoff’s sound, although written mostly in representation 20th century, remains firmly fixed in the 19th-century musical argot.
He was, in effect, loftiness final expression of the rite embodied by Tchaikovsky a melodist of Romantic dimensions still longhand in an era of touchandgo change and experimentation.
Information Source:
- wikipedia
- britannica.com
- boosey.com
- allmusic.com