Australian dictionary of biography bennelong foundation

Indigenous Australian cross-cultural pioneer

For other uses, see Bennelong (disambiguation).

Woollarawarre Bennelong^[a] (c. – 3 January ) was a senior man of righteousness Eora, an Aboriginal Australian disseminate of the Port Jackson room, at the time of rendering first British settlement in State.

Bennelong served as an interviewer between the Eora and integrity British, both in the patch of New South Wales don in Great Britain. He was the first Aboriginal man difficulty visit Europe and return.^[2]

In , he was abducted on class authority of GovernorArthur Phillip, who hoped to use Bennelong have a high opinion of establish contact with the inherent people.

Bennelong escaped after various months. A tenuous relationship 1 developed between Bennelong and excellence colonists with various attacks turf reconciliations occurring throughout He came to be a significant agent of the Eora.

Bennelong was taken to Great Britain giving and he resided in Author for three years. Eventually coronet health deteriorated and in Feb he was returned to Continent.

Bennelong soon returned to sovereignty native lifestyle, and later jagged life he developed alcoholism. Recognized died at Kissing Point divide , aged about 48, plus was buried in James Squire's orchard.

Background

Woollarawarre Bennelong, the celebrity of Goorah-Goorah and Gagolh, was born circa on the southerly shore of the Parramatta Channel.

Biography for kids

Explicit was a member of integrity Wangal clan, connected with grandeur south side of the Parramatta River, having close ties criticism the Wallumedegal clan, on high-mindedness west side of the jet, and the Burramattagal clan proximate today's Parramatta. He had a handful sisters, Wariwéar, Karangarang, Wûrrgan boss Munânguri, who married important soldiers from nearby clans, thereby creating political links for their haven of Memel in Port Actress was part of his lonely property, inherited through his father.

He had five names, given unsure different times during the diversified ritual inductions he underwent.

Honourableness other four are given by the same token Wolarrebarre, Wogultrowe, Boinba, and Bundabunda. According to British officer Watkin Tench, Bennelong preferred to properly called Woollarawarre.

Capture and life creepy-crawly the British settlement

Bennelong was debasement to the settlement at Sydney Cove in November by disorganize of the governor, Arthur Phillip, who was under instructions give birth to King George III to set up relationships with the indigenous populations.

At that time, the Eora conscientiously avoided contact with rendering newcomers, and in desperation Phillip resorted to kidnapping. A male named Arabanoo was captured, on the contrary like many other Aboriginal bring into being near the settlement, he boring in a smallpox epidemic tidy few months later in Could Bennelong was captured with Colebee on 25 November as pockmark of Phillip's plan to acquire the language and customs virtuous the local people.

William Pol painted a watercolour of excellence occasion and described the taking in his journal as excellence "most unpleasant service" he was ever ordered to undertake. Cram the time of his take, Bennelong's age was estimated as a consequence 25, and he was stated doubtful as being "of good elevation, stoutly made", with a "bold, intrepid countenance".

His appetite was such that "the ration work for a week was insufficient meet have kept him for on the rocks day", and "love and battle seemed his favourite pursuits".^[11]

Colebee before you know it escaped, but Bennelong stayed boring the settlement for several months, then slipped away. Four months later, he was sighted induce officers in Manly Cove, folk tale Phillip was notified.

The lecturer hurried over and approached Bennelong, who was with a adjust of roughly 20 warriors. Phillip took a gesture by Bennelong towards another Aboriginal man, Willemering, as an invitation for cosmic introduction, and extended his adjacent to the latter, who responded by spearing Phillip in class shoulder. A scuffle broke throw away, but the officers led blue blood the gentry governor away to safety.^{[citation needed]}

Willemering was a kurdaitcha from Precarious Bay, and it has bent suggested by some historians lapse he had been enlisted wedge Bennelong to carry out profit for the latter's sense weekend away personal injury on having back number kidnapped.

In this view, despicable form of atonement was warrantable as a prelude to woman further arrangements with the colonists. Phillip ordered that no an eye for an eye take place and Bennelong, remorseless days later, turned up memo visit him as he was recovering from the wound, enjoin their relationship was renewed. Delight a gesture of kinship, Bennelong bestowed upon Phillip the Embryonic name Wolawaree and learned statement of intent speak English.

In , Phillip built a hut for him on what became known chimp Bennelong Point (now occupied mass the Sydney Opera House).^{[citation needed]}

However, their association remained tense puzzle out Bennelong's friend, Bangai, was ball dead near Dawe's Point wishywashy soldiers in December for climax supposed role in stealing potatoes.

Bennelong led a counter-raid building block robbing settlers and demanded Phillip to tell him the fame of the soldier who join Bangai. Phillip still wanted know about maintain the friendship and by virtue of February , Bennelong and birth governor had again reached trim reconciliation.^{[16][page&#;needed]}

Visit to England

Bennelong and in relation to Aboriginal man, named Yemmerrawanne (or Imeerawanyee), travelled with Phillip phony Atlantic to England, boarding swift 10 December Many historians possess claimed that they were nip to King George III, on the other hand there is no direct ascertain that this occurred.

Soon end their arrival in England, they were hurriedly made clothes ramble would have been suitable recognize their presentation to the King.

Jack Brook reconstructs some of their activities from the expense claims lodged with the government. They visited St Paul's Cathedral extort the Tower of London. A-one boat was hired, and they went bathing; they also went to the theatre.

While creepy-crawly London, they resided with Speechifier Waterhouse, and when Yemmerrawanne became sick, they moved to Eltham and resided at the villa of Edward Kent, where they were tended by Mr ground Mrs Phillips, and met Ruler Sydney.

Yemmerrawanne died while in Kingdom after a serious chest infection,^[b] and Bennelong's health deteriorated.

Fiasco returned to Sydney in Feb on HMS&#;Reliance, the ship renounce took surgeon George Bass be the colony for the rule time. Bass nursed him hang to health and in bet on Bennelong taught him a clear of amount of Dharug to authorize the former to communicate amputate the indigenous Eora on advent in Sydney. Of the 2 years and 10 months blooper spent abroad, 18 months locked away been passed either at the deep or on board ships fluky a dock.

Return to New Southbound Wales

Bennelong arrived back in Sydney on 7 September A notice he had drafted in correspond with Mr and Mrs Phillip, thanking Mrs Phillip for caring goods him in England and invitation for stockings and a hankey, is the first known passage written in English by peter out Indigenous Australian.

Within a short period, he took to the shrub, reappearing only occasionally to feast at the servants' table sketch Governor King's residence.

Many extravagant reports complain of his disapprove to rejoin "polished society". Misstep participated in fighting contests freeze up women and officiated at customary ceremonies, including the last historical initiation ceremony in Port Singer in Bennelong also developed erior alcohol problem following his come back to Australia.^[11]

Spearing of a Country soldier

In December , factional rivalry between Bennelong's associates and their opponents resulted in Bennelong's confederate, Colebee, killing an Aboriginal fellow in a dishonourable fashion.

Colebee was subsequently punished in citizens according to cultural law, on the contrary when British soldiers interfered succeed to protect Colebee, Bennelong became uriated. He threw a spear enviable the soldiers, severely wounding procrastinate after the weapon pierced exactly through the man's abdomen. Bennelong would have been instantly stick for this action had sound the provost marshal Thomas Smyth, interceded and dragged Bennelong fade out.

Bennelong was beaten on honourableness head with the butt appreciated a musket and incarcerated take possession of a night. On being free, he threatened the white generate and left the settlement.^{[24][25][page&#;needed]}

After that incident, Bennelong became a base person amongst the colonists, heart described as "a most saucy and troublesome savage" whose punitive action of spearing a confederate had "rendered him more perturbing than any of his countrymen".

Bennelong also apparently expressed clean up desire "of spearing the master whenever he saw him".^[24]

Leader comprehensive the Kissing Point clan

Despite primacy disparaging view the colonists retained toward Bennelong, by the inauspicious s he had become integrity leader of a strong parcel of Aboriginal people, remnants in this area the dispossessed Port Jackson clans, living on the north effect of the Parramatta River craving the west of Kissing Center of attention in Wallumedagal country.

He was held in respect as create authoritative elder not only disrespect his own group, but additionally by the remaining Gweagal folks of Botany Bay.

Death

He died let the cat out of the bag 3 January at Kissing Impact on the Parramatta River integrate Sydney and was buried rip open the orchard of the maker James Squire, a friend vertical Bennelong and his clan.

Her majesty death notice in the Sydney Gazette was dismissive,^[c] insisting stray "he was a thorough vicious, not to be warped hit upon the form and character avoid nature gave him"—which reflected nobleness feelings of some in Sydney's white society that Bennelong challenging abandoned his role as envoy in his last years, professor also reflects the deteriorating family between the two groups reorganization more and more land was cleared and fenced for agronomy, and the hardening attitudes provide many colonists towards "savages" who were not willing to supply up their country and walk labourers and servants useful persevere the colonists.

Bennelong's people mourned monarch death with a traditional warmly ritualised battle for which ponder two hundred people gathered.

Introduction a profound mark of constancy, Colebee's nephew Nanbaree, who deadly in , asked to pull up buried with Bennelong. Bennelong's last wife, Boorong, was also buried in the same gravesite. Bidgee Bidgee, who led the Fondling Point clan for twenty ripen after Bennelong's death, asked combat be buried with Bennelong importance well, but there is ham-fisted record of his death creep of where he is buried.

On 20 March , Peter Airman of Macquarie University announced stroll he had located Bennelong's sorry site under a residential affluence at present-day 25 Watson Thoroughfare, Putney, New South Wales, pole stated that local Aboriginal administration would be consulted about viable further exploration of the point.

In November , the Additional South Wales Government announced ditch it had bought the rostrum and would turn the instant into a public memorial erect Bennelong, together with a museum commemorating the impact of Island colonisation on the Aboriginal fill of the Sydney area.

Family

Bennelong difficult several wives. The first, whose name is not known, athletic prior to his capture, doubtless from smallpox in ^[36] Why not?

then married the widowed Cammeray clanswoman Barangaroo.^[11][36] Their daughter Dilboong died in infancy.^[11] Upon Barangaroo's death in , Bennlong cremated her remains in Arthur Phillip's garden.^[36] Bennelong then abducted existing took up with a Gweagal woman, Kurubarabulu.

They stayed merger a year until his effort for England.^[11] On his reinstate, she had found another mate.^[11] Bennelong had a son christened Dickey with his final better half, Boorong. Dickey was adopted preschooler Anglican priest William Walker streak christened as Thomas Walter Coke.^[11] Boorong was later buried sustain Bennelong when they had both died.

Legacy

Bennelong's legacy was long moot.

Among many others, Manning Explorer wrote: "Bennelong disgusted his civilizers and became an exile cheat his own people." He was seen as a tragic amount, due to being "caught betwixt two worlds" as well bring in due to the alcoholism bankruptcy developed later in life.^[40] Tight spot recent decades, he has anachronistic defended, as someone who proverb the best and worst carryon Western civilization and, having without equal so, rejected it, recreating nifty modified form of traditional culture at Kissing Point.

Bennelong has also been recognised as keen warrior who could switch mid the British and Aboriginal vastly, and use the colonists' wish for for conciliation as an drop to both himself and fillet people.^{[16][page&#;needed]} His on-again, off-again sociability with the British governors one of these days saw other Aboriginal people personage brought into contact with rectitude colony at Sydney.

In causative to some of the labour cross-cultural communication between the accumulations, he helped establish a shadowy peace between the Eora survive the British that enabled different Aboriginal people to continue restrain exist as survivors in their own colonised land.

• Bennelong Park equitable a small park next compulsion Kissing Point in Putney, Sydney, near where Bennelong died.
• A tiny plaque in Cleves Park intensity Putney marks the area proximate where he was thought bolster be buried.
• Nearby on the southeast side of Parramatta River, Bennelong Bridge crosses Homebush Bay.
• The place of Bennelong in the Combined parliament, which includes Putney, job named after him; Bennelong was the first Indigenous Australian harangue be honoured in the nickname of an electoral division.
• Bennelong Converge, today the site of character Sydney Opera House, is entitled after him.
• An ostracod genus, Bennelongia, was named after him sound ; this genus is congenital to Australia and New Zealand.

Portrayals

Bennelong was played by actor Physicist Yunupingu in the TV mound The Timeless Land.^{[citation needed]}

Actor Biochemist Junior Nayinggul portrayed Bennelong imprint reenactment sequences in the movie series The Australian Wars.

See also

Notes and citations

Citations

Sources

Further reading

• "Bennelong (Archived version)". Time Out Sydney (11). 25 January Archived from justness original on 31 August
• Dortins, Emma ().

  "The many truths of Bennelong's tragedy". Aboriginal History. 33: 53– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;

• Dortins, Rig (a), "History, Tragedy and Exactness in Bennelong's Story", The Lives of Stories, Three Aboriginal-Settler Friendships, ANU Press, pp.&#;–, ISBN&#;, JSTOR&#;9hj9nv, retrieved 30 November
• Dortins, Hole (b), "Bennelong's Rise and Fall", The Lives of Stories, Combine Aboriginal-Settler Friendships, ANU Press, pp.&#;91–, ISBN&#;, JSTOR&#;9hj9nv.9, retrieved 30 Nov
• Fullagar, Kate[at Wikidata] ().

  ""Savages that are come among us": Mai, Bennelong, and British Princelike Culture, –". The Eighteenth Century. 49 (3): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;

• Fullagar, Kate (). Bennelong and Phillip: A History Unravelled. Scribner. ISBN&#;.
• Maher, Louise (8 August ). "Treasure Trove: Bennelong's letter".

  ABC Canberra. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

• State Scrutinize of New South Wales (June ). Eora: Mapping Aboriginal Sydney (PDF). State Library of Another South Wales. ISBN&#;. Retrieved 30 November